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Author(s):
Moinuddin Choudhury
,
Mark R Boyett
,
Gwilym M Morris
Added:
3 years ago
The sinoatrial or sinus node (SAN) is the heart’s natural pacemaker. Located in the superior right atrium, it automatically produces cyclical electrical activity to initiate each heartbeat in normal sinus rhythm. SAN dysfunction (SND) in humans, also known as ‘sick sinus syndrome’, can manifest as pathological bradycardia and asystolic pauses. As a result, SND can lead to symptoms of reduced…
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Author(s):
Nicolas Johner
,
Mehdi Namdar
,
Dipen Shah
Added:
3 years ago
Catheter ablation (CA) is a widely used first-line treatment for AF. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown its superiority to pharmacological treatment in terms of symptom control, rhythm control and mortality in selected patients; observational studies have also suggested a decreased risk of stroke.1,2 Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the standard endpoint, but studies have reported…
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The Convergent Procedure
Author(s):
James McKinnie
Added:
3 years ago
Article
Author(s):
Domenico G Della Rocca
,
Sanghamitra Mohanty
,
Chintan Trivedi
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
AF is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and carries an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. The latest estimates on the prevalence of AF portray an alarming scenario, with a steep increase in the number of people developing AF and prediction that the number affected will more than double in the next 40 years.1 Among the strategies to restore and maintain sinus…
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Author(s):
Axel Brandes
,
Marcelle D Smit
,
Bao Oanh Nguyen
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia worldwide and is expected to increase in the coming decades.1,2 It currently affects up to 3 % of Western populations aged 20 years or older, and the number of affected individuals in the EU will increase from about 7 million to almost 13 million by 2030.3–5 This growing epidemic is not only caused by the natural ageing of the…
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Author(s):
Michael Ghannam
,
Hakan Oral
Added:
3 years ago
Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with non-paroxysmal AF is often challenging and complex. Catheter ablation is usually superior to anti-arrhythmic drug therapy alone. However, recurrence rates are high and have remained suboptimal. Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is usually effective in treating paroxysmal AF, it is not sufficient for many patients with non-paroxysmal AF,…
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Author(s):
Brett Wanamaker
,
Thomas Cascino
,
Vallerie V McLaughlin
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic condition that is characterised by elevated pulmonary vascular pressures and can be caused by several disease processes (see Table 1).1 Regardless of the aetiology, PH is a progressive disease with a clinical course characterised by frequent decompensations in advanced stages and often a poor prognosis despite the development of novel therapeutic agents.2…
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Author(s):
Henry Chubb
,
John Whitaker
,
Steven E Williams
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
Atrial Septal Defects and Patent Foramen Ovale
Nomenclature
The atrial septum is a complex structure, with the true septum comprised of two layers containing a potential flap valve. The septum primum extends from caudal to cranial within the atria, on the left side of the septum secundum. The septum secundum is a crescent-shaped infolding of the atrial roof, extending from the anterosuperior…
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Author(s):
Rohil Bedi
,
Ali Ahmad
,
Piotr Horbal
,
et al
Added:
7 months ago
Author(s):
Ghanshyam Shantha
,
Frank Pelosi
,
Fred Morady
Added:
3 years ago
Prevalence of AF and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Nonvalvular AF is the most common sustained arrhythmia, affecting nearly 3 million adult Americans.1–4 By 2050, nearly 12–15 million adults in the US will have AF.1 The global prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is also increasing. OSA is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing, affecting 10–15% of the general population (6–9% in…
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