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Open Window Mapping of Accessory Pathways
Author(s): Rajdip Dulai , Fatima Bangash , Ajay Sharma , et al Added: 4 months ago

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Atrial Flutter, Typical and Atypical: A Review
Author(s): Francisco G Cosio Added: 3 years ago
The term ‘flutter’ was coined to designate the visual and tactile rapid, regular atrial contraction induced by faradic stimulation in animal hearts, in contrast with irregular, vermiform contraction in atrial fibrillation (AF).1,2 On the ECG, flutter was a regular continuous undulation between QRS complexes at a cycle length (CL) of ≤250 ms (≥240 bpm). Slower tachycardias displaying discrete P… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Catheter Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entrant Tachycardia
Author(s): Demosthenes G Katritsis Added: 3 years ago
Although the exact circuit of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) still eludes us, AVNRT is the most common regular arrhythmia in humans, and therefore the most commonly encountered during ablation attempts for regular tachycardias.1–4 Catheter ablation for AVNRT is the current treatment of choice in symptomatic patients. It reduces arrhythmia-related hospitalisations and costs,… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Author(s): Steven M Markowitz , George Thomas , Christopher F Liu , et al Added: 3 years ago
Pioneering electrophysiology studies in the 1990s defined the anatomical boundaries of typical atrial flutter, identified regions for effective catheter ablation of this arrhythmia and described procedural endpoints to minimise recurrences after ablation. Activation and entrainment mapping demonstrated that typical flutter arises from reentry around the tricuspid annulus.1 Criteria to confirm… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Ablation of Arrhythmias in Patients with Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Author(s): Rodrigo Gallardo Lobo , Michael Griffith , Joseph De Bono Added: 3 years ago
Around 0.8% of live births are affected by some type of congenital heart disease; 30–50% of whom will need one or more surgical interventions, generally during early childhood, involving in some cases complex corrections with patches, baffles or extracardiac circuits.1,2 As a result of advances in surgical interventions, the life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease has… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia

Heterogeneous Populations
Author(s): Ian Mann , Belinda Sandler , Nick WF Linton , et al Added: 3 years ago
The discovery of focal ectopy in the pulmonary veins (PVs) initiating AF1 has resulted in electrical isolation of the PVs forming the mainstay of current treatment strategies. Success rates from PV isolation (PVI) for patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) are approximately 70–75%. However, PVI is significantly less effective for those with persistent AF, in whom many studies quote single-procedure… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Author(s): Charlotte Brouwer , Mark G Hazekamp , Katja Zeppenfeld Added: 3 years ago
The reported incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) depends on the number of trivial lesions included, such as atrial and ventricular septal defects (ASDs and VSDs). Moderate-to-severe CHD numbers remain stable with 6 per 1,000 live births.1 Survival into adulthood has improved dramatically over the last 25 years and has been driven mainly by a decreased mortality in moderate and severe… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia

Heterogeneous Populations
Author(s): Stylianos Tzeis , Dimitrios Asvestas , Panos Vardas Added: 3 years ago
AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia with a complex and multifactorial pathophysiological background. In their seminal publication, Haissaguerre et al. shed light on the role of rapidly firing pulmonary vein sources in the initiation of AF paroxysms.1 Apart from the role of pulmonary vein-triggering foci, underlying electrical and structural remodelling also contributes to the onset and… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia
Author(s): Hongwu Chen , Kit Chan , Sunny S Po , et al Added: 3 years ago
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the Purkinje system is the most common type of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT), especially among young Asians.1,2 It usually has a benign course. Research over the past two decades has deepened our understanding of the anatomy of the Purkinje system and the mechanisms of ILVT. This review focuses on the research history and anatomy of… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Atrial Tachycardias After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: How to Manage?
Author(s): Yuan Hung , Shih-Lin Chang , Wei-Shiang Lin , et al Added: 3 years ago
AF is the most common clinical arrhythmia that causes severe adverse cardiovascular events, such as ischaemic stroke and acute heart failure.1 Triggers from the pulmonary vein (PV) have been identified as crucial ectopic sources that initiate AF and pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone for catheter ablation of AF.2,3 Per the European and US AF guidelines, catheter ablation of AF is… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia