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Author(s): Steven M Markowitz , George Thomas , Christopher F Liu , et al Added: 3 years ago
Pioneering electrophysiology studies in the 1990s defined the anatomical boundaries of typical atrial flutter, identified regions for effective catheter ablation of this arrhythmia and described procedural endpoints to minimise recurrences after ablation. Activation and entrainment mapping demonstrated that typical flutter arises from reentry around the tricuspid annulus.1 Criteria to confirm… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Author(s): Emmanuel Koutalas , Borislav Dinov , Sergio Richter , et al Added: 3 years ago
Since the introduction of electroanatomical mapping (EAM) into clinical practice in 1997, remarkable progress has been made in catheter infrastructure, signal recording and processing, catheter guidance and visualisation and simultaneous real-time depiction and processing of different types of critical information during an ablation procedure.1 The latter, along with the comprehension of the… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Author(s): Ruairidh Martin , Meleze Hocini , Michel Haissaguerre , et al Added: 3 years ago
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the context of structural heart disease is related to patchy or incomplete scar; usually arising from re-entrant circuits which are dependent on surviving channels of activation through scar tissue.1–3 These protected isthmuses are critical for maintaining VT, and an improved understanding of the characteristics of VT isthmuses is important in guiding strategies… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Anatomical Consideration in Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmia Ablation
Author(s): Takumi Yamada , G Neal Kay Added: 3 years ago
Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs) usually originate from the specific anatomical structures. For the past decade, major IVA origins from both endocardial and epicardial sites have been increasingly recognised (see Table 1).1–3 Catheter ablation of IVAs is usually safe and highly successful, but can sometimes be challenging because of the anatomical obstacles. Therefore, understanding the… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Reentrant Arrhythmias of the His-Purkinje System
Author(s): Raphael K Sung , Penelope A Boyden , Satoshi Higuchi , et al Added: 2 years ago

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Author(s): Henry Chubb , John Whitaker , Steven E Williams , et al Added: 3 years ago
Atrial Septal Defects and Patent Foramen Ovale Nomenclature The atrial septum is a complex structure, with the true septum comprised of two layers containing a potential flap valve. The septum primum extends from caudal to cranial within the atria, on the left side of the septum secundum. The septum secundum is a crescent-shaped infolding of the atrial roof, extending from the anterosuperior… View more

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia

Heterogeneous Populations
Author(s): Ashok J Shah , Meleze Hocini , Patrizio Pascale , et al Added: 3 years ago
The structural and/or functional abnormality of the cardiac electrovascular system is the most common cause of world mortality accounting for 29.0 % of deaths, followed by infectious diseases (16.2 %) and cancers (12.6 %) (WHO 2008 report). 1 Abnormalities in the cardiac electrical system (arrhythmias and sudden death) and/or mechanical function (heart failure) constitute one of the major causes… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics

Heart Failure